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AWARDS & HONOURS

Civilian Awards - Bharat Ratna | Padma Vibhushan | Padma Bhushan | Padma Shri

Bharat Ratna:

India's highest civilian award given for exceptional service towards the advancement of Art, Literature and Science, and in recognition of public service of the highest order. It was established by the President of India, in 2nd January 1954. The regulations were revised 8 January 1955 (to alter the design) and amended 26 January 1957 (to alter the depiction of the devices on the obverse and reverse). From 13 July 1977 to 26 January 1980, awards of the Bharat Ratna were suspended.

The original specifications for the award called for a circular gold medal, 35 mm in diameter, with the sun and the Hindi legend "Bharat Ratna" above and a floral wreath below. The reverse was to carry the state emblem and motto. It was to be worn around the neck from a 2 inches white ribbon. There is no indication that any specimens of this design were ever produced and one year later the design was altered.

Recipients of Bharat Ratna

Name of Recipients	Year	Name of Recipients	Year
C Rajagopalachari (1878-1972)	1954	Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888-1975)	1954
Dr. C.V. Raman (1888-1970)	1954	Dr. Bhagwan Das (1869-1958)	1955
Dr. M. Visvesvaraya (1861-1962)	1955	Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964)	1955
Govind Ballabh Pant (1887-1961)	1957	Dr. Dhondo Keshave Karve (1858-1962)	1958
Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy (1882-1962)	1961	Purushottam Das Tandon (1882-1962)	1961
Dr. Rajendra Prasad (1884-1963)	1962	Dr. Zakir Hussain (1897-1969)	1963
Dr. Pandurang Vaman Kane (1880-1972)	1963	Lal Bahadur Shastri (1904-1966) (Posthumous))	1966
Dr. Indira Gandhi (1917-1984)	1971	Varahagiri Venkatagiri (V.V. Giri) (1 884-1980)	1975
Kumaraswami Kamraj (1903-1975) (Posthumous)	1976	Mother Teresa (1910-1997)	1980
Acharya Vinobha Bhave (1895-1982)	1983	Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1890-1988)	1987
Marudu Gopalan Ramachandran (1917-1987) (Posthumous)	1988	Dr. Bhim Rao Ramji (B.R) Ambedkar (1891-1956) (Posthumous)	1990
Dr. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (1918- )	1990	Rajiv Gandhi (1944-1991) (Posthumous)	1991
Sardar Vallabhai Patel (1875-1950)	1991	Morarji Ranchhodji Desai (1869-1995)	1991
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (1888-1958) (Posthumous)	1992	Jahangir Ratanji Dadabhai (J.R.D) Tata (1904-1993)	1992
Satyajit Ray (1922-1992)	1992	Aruna Asaf Ali (1909-1996) (Posthumous)	1997
Gulzari Lal Nanda (1898-1997) (Posthumous)	1997	Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (1931-)	1997
Madurai Shanmukhavadivu (M.S) Subbalakshmi (1916- )	1998	Chidambaram Subramaniam (1910-2000)	1998
Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan ( 1902-1979) (Posthumous)	1999	Professor Amartya Sen (1933- )	1999
Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi (1890-1950) (Posthumous)	1999	Pandit Ravi Shankar (1920-)	1999
Lata Mangeshkar (1929- )	2001	Bissmillah Khan (1916- )	2001

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